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- #EF
- #T15,4,ANNUITIES & PERPETUITIES
- #C5,R5
- ~W~IANNUITIES~N
-
- An annuity is a form of investment in which a sum of money is deposited
- with a bank, life insurance company, or other financial institution at
- a fixed rate of interest; and the money, together with its earnings, is
- later returned to you in a series of equal installments.
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- #BN,9,12,70,17,1,0,0,4,11,1
- A mortgage (or an automobile loan) is like an annuity
- in which the lender gives YOU the money, and you agree
- to repay it, with interest, in a series of equal install-
- ments.
-
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- #C5
-
- Purchasing an annuity is one way to provide funds for a specific future
- need...for example, a child's future college expenses, or a regular in-
- come in your retirement years.
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- #C37,R21
- Sometimes, too, annuities can be used to
- #C5
- postpone income taxes on investment earnings until the annuity payments
- are received...thus reducing the taxes eventually paid on those earnings.
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- #C3,R5
- When you purchase an annuity, you can specify any or all of the following:
-
- #D1
- ~Y■~C~I~b~K the amount you wish to deposit (invest) in the annuity,~N~k
- #D1
- ~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of years until the first installment is paid to you,~N~k
- #D1
- ~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of installments to be paid each year,~N~k
- #D1
- ~Y■~C~I~b~K the number of years payments are to continue.~N~k
- #D3
-
- The seller of the annuity can then tell you what each installment will be,
- and may also tell you the equivalent earnings percent.
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-
- You should note that all installments will be in the same amount, and will
- be paid in today's dollars. However, because the installments will be paid
- at some future time, those dollars will most likely be worth less than they
- are worth today.
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-
- ~C~IThus, when considering the purchase of an annuity to meet some future need,
- you should either estimate the payments needed in terms of future dollars,
- or, in some way, otherwise account for the probable decrease in the future
- value of those fixed payments in the future.~N
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- #C3,R4
- The Annuity program provided in THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANT calculates annuities
- in three ways:
- #D1
-
- ~z1~N~C~I~K Assuming NO current taxes and NO inflation - (common simplified
- method)~N~k
- #D1
-
- ~z2~N~C~I~K Including the effect of currently paid income taxes.~N~k
- #D1
-
- ~z3~N~C~I~K Including the effects of both current income taxes and future
- inflation.~N~k
- #D1
-
- The last method is particularly useful when calculating annuities for which
- payments start quite some time in the future-- for example, at retirement.
- It provides for PAYMENTS OF EQUAL PURCHASING POWER, that is, in amounts in-
- creased each year to offset the declining dollar value caused by inflation.
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-
- ~C~IWe should point out that it isn't possible to actually purchase such an in-
- flation indexed annuity. ~Y~IBUT - you can effectively achieve the same result
- by investing that calculated amount now; then re-investing the excess amounts
- of the early installment payments received to make up for the deficit amounts
- of the later payments during the annuity period.~N
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- #C5,R5
- ~W~IPERPETUITIES~N
-
- ~KA perpetuity is very much like an annuity - except that perpetuity payments
- continue forever!~k
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- #BN,9,12,70,18,1,0,0,5,11,1
- Simply put, the amount of money to be deposited init-
- ially is calculated so that the earnings between one
- payment withdrawal and the next are just enough to
- equal the next payment. Thus, no matter how long you
- withdraw payments, the original funds remain.......
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- #C5
-
-
-
-
- Perpetuities are not commercially available. However, perpetuity analysis
- can be very useful in personal financial planning. For example:
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- #C5,R5
- Comparison of the income payments from an annuity and from a perpetuity,
- ~C~Ieach based on the same terms and same original investment amount,~N will
- show the amount by which you might reduce your withdrawals from the annuity
- so that the annuity payments would continue forever. On long term or defer-
- red annuities, this may be a surprisingly small amount.
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-
-
- This sort of calculation can be especially useful to persons with self-
- directed retirement funds who wish to be sure that their funds last as long
- as they themselves last, or to those who wish to leave an inheritance of a
- known amount to their heirs, yet live as comfortably as possible.
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-
-
- ~C~I(Practically, the terms of your annuity contract may not allow withdrawal
- of the smaller amount. However, you could still use the principle described
- here by withdrawing the whole amount of each payment and immediately reinvest-
- ing the difference between the annuity and the perpetuity amounts in an invest-
- ment providing the same return as the annuity contract provides.)~N
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- #EW
- #C5,R4
- The Perpetuity program in THE FINANCIAL ASSISTANT calculates perpetuities
- on two of the same bases as those used in calculating annuities:
- #D1
-
- ~z1~N~C~I~K Assuming NO current taxes and NO inflation - (common simplified
- method)~N~k
- #D1
-
- ~z2~N~C~I~K Including the effect of currently paid income taxes.~N~k
- #D1
-
- For either an Annuity or a Perpetuity, the programs can be used to calculate
- either:
- #D2
- ~C~I1. The deposit required now to provide a
- specified future income,~N
- #D2
- or
- ~C~I2. The future income payments that a
- fixed investment now will provide.~N
- #D2
-
- The programs themselves provide examples of all calculation possibilites.
- To see the examples, just run the programs using the filled-in startup data.
- #WP
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